Prices and costs of EU energy – Ecofys BV study

The study analyses the developments of retail energy prices in the EU and the factors driving prices. It also looks at the impact of energy prices on the budgets of European households and how energy costs affect European industry and its competitiveness, particularly for energy intensive industries. The report also provides international comparisons of energy prices and costs. This study provided input to the report on the "Energy prices and costs in Europe" which is part of the Commission's "Clean Energy for All Europeans" package.