Energy performance certificates in buildings and their impact on transaction prices and rents in selected EU countries

The potential for making energy savings in the building sector is widely recognised, especially through the refurbishment of existing buildings. However, as in other areas of energy efficiency, progress has been more difficult to achieve than anticipated. The Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) (Directive 2002/91/EC) is the main EU policy instrument to improve the energy performance of buildings. Among other measures, it introduced a framework for energy performance certification, with a deadline for all Member States to bring into force the necessary laws, regulations and administrative provisions by 4 January 2006.