This dashboard presents the EU's energy dependency rates, net energy imports and energy import bill estimations calculated in the framework of the study on energy prices and costs; evaluating impacts on households and industry’s costs – 2024 edition. A comparison with energy bill of EU trading partner and a decomposition of the effects explaining the variation in the energy import bill between two years are also included.
Net imports refer to imports minus exports. The energy dependency rate is calculated as net imports divided by gross available energy. The EU corresponds to the current EU27. The EU is treated as a whole, therefore only extra-EU imports and exports are considered.
The analysis covers the main fossil fuels: crude oil, natural gas and hard coal. These fuels still account for two thirds of the EU's gross inland energy consumption and the overwhelming majority (around 99% in 2022) of net energy imports.
Energy dependency rates and net energy imports are provided for the period 1990 to 2023. The estimated energy import bill is provided between 2014 and 2023. The bills are expressed in current euros.
How to use the dashboard
Select the graph you want to display. At the bottom of the chart, you can choose which fuels you wish to display; by default, all are shown. On the right hand side, a menu will appear, which allows you to download, print or modify the data view.